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- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Portugal
- Geography
-
-
- Location:
- Southwestern Europe, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Spain
- Map references:
- Europe
- Area:
- total area:
- 92,080 sq km
- land area:
- 91,640 sq km
- comparative area:
- slightly smaller than Indiana
- note:
- includes Azores and Madeira Islands
- Land boundaries:
- total 1,214 km, Spain 1,214 km
- Coastline:
- 1,793 km
- Maritime claims:
- continental shelf:
- 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
- exclusive economic zone:
- 200 nm
- territorial sea:
- 12 nm
- International disputes:
- sovereignty over Timor Timur (East Timor Province) disputed with Indonesia
- Climate:
- maritime temperate; cool and rainy in north, warmer and drier in south
- Terrain:
- mountainous north of the Tagus, rolling plains in south
- Natural resources:
- fish, forests (cork), tungsten, iron ore, uranium ore, marble
- Land use:
- arable land:
- 32%
- permanent crops:
- 6%
- meadows and pastures:
- 6%
- forest and woodland:
- 40%
- other:
- 16%
- Irrigated land:
- 6,340 sq km (1989 est.)
- Environment:
- current issues:
- soil erosion; air pollution caused by industrial and vehicle emissions;
- water pollution, especially in coastal areas
- natural hazards:
- Azores subject to severe earthquakes
- international agreements:
- party to - Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species,
- Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer
- Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands; signed, but not
- ratified - Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Desertification,
- Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Portugal
- Geography
- Note:
- Azores and Madeira Islands occupy strategic locations along western sea
- approaches to Strait of Gibraltar
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Portugal
- People
-
-
- Population:
- 10,562,388 (July 1995 est.)
- Age structure:
- 0-14 years:
- 18% (female 943,412; male 1,000,971)
- 15-64 years:
- 68% (female 3,625,086; male 3,499,176)
- 65 years and over:
- 14% (female 889,142; male 604,601) (July 1995 est.)
- Population growth rate:
- 0.36% (1995 est.)
- Birth rate:
- 11.72 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)
- Death rate:
- 9.65 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)
- Net migration rate:
- 1.55 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)
- Infant mortality rate:
- 9.1 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)
- Life expectancy at birth:
- total population:
- 75.53 years
- male:
- 72.11 years
- female:
- 79.16 years (1995 est.)
- Total fertility rate:
- 1.47 children born/woman (1995 est.)
- Nationality:
- noun:
- Portuguese (singular and plural)
- adjective:
- Portuguese
- Ethnic divisions:
- homogeneous Mediterranean stock in mainland, Azores, Madeira Islands;
- citizens of black African descent who immigrated to mainland during
- decolonization number less than 100,000
- Religions:
- Roman Catholic 97%, Protestant denominations 1%, other 2%
- Languages:
- Portuguese
- Literacy:
- age 15 and over can read and write (1990)
- total population:
- 85%
- male:
- 89%
- female:
- 82%
- Labor force:
- 4.24 million (1994 est.)
- by occupation:
- services 54.5%, manufacturing 24.4%, agriculture, forestry, fisheries 11.2%,
- construction 8.3%, utilites 1.0%, mining 0.5% (1992)
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Portugal
- Government
-
-
- Names:
- conventional long form:
- Portuguese Republic
- conventional short form:
- Portugal
- local long form:
- Republica Portuguesa
- local short form:
- Portugal
- Digraph:
- PO
- Type:
- republic
- Capital:
- Lisbon
- Administrative divisions:
- 18 districts (distritos, singular - distrito) and 2 autonomous regions*
- (regioes autonomas, singular - regiao autonoma); Aveiro, Acores (Azores)*,
- Beja, Braga, Braganca, Castelo Branco, Coimbra, Evora, Faro, Guarda, Leiria,
- Lisboa, Madeira*, Portalegre, Porto, Santarem, Setubal, Viana do Castelo,
- Vila Real, Viseu
- Dependent areas:
- Macau (scheduled to become a Special Administrative Region of China on 20
- December 1999)
- Independence:
- 1140 (independent republic proclaimed 5 October 1910)
- National holiday:
- Day of Portugal, 10 June (1580)
- Constitution:
- 25 April 1976, revised 30 October 1982 and 1 June 1989
- Legal system:
- civil law system; the Constitutional Tribunal reviews the constitutionality
- of legislation; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
- Suffrage:
- 18 years of age; universal
- Executive branch:
- chief of state:
- President Dr. Mario Alberto Nobre Lopes SOARES (since 9 March 1986);
- election last held 13 February 1991 (next to be held NA February 1996);
- results - Dr. Mario Lopes SOARES 70%, Basilio HORTA 14%, Carlos CARVALHAS
- 13%, Carlos MARQUES 3%; note - SOARES is finishing his second term and by
- law cannot run for a third consecutive term
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Anibal CAVACO SILVA (since 6 November 1985); note - will be
- replaced in the October 1995 elections
- Council of State:
- acts as a consultative body to the president
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers; appointed by the president on recommendation of the
- prime minister
- Legislative branch:
- unicameral
- Assembly of the Republic (Assembleia da Republica):
- elections last held 6 October 1991 (next to be held NA October 1995);
- results - PSD 50.4%, PS 29.3%, CDU 8.8%, CDS 4.4%, PSN 1.7%, PRD 0.6%, other
- 4.8%; seats - (230 total) PSD 136, PS 71, CDU 17, CDS 5, PSN 1
- Judicial branch:
- Supreme Tribunal of Justice (Supremo Tribunal de Justica)
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Portugal
- Government
- Political parties and leaders:
- Social Democratic Party (PSD), Fernando NOGUEIRA; Portuguese Socialist Party
- (PS), Antonio GUTERRES; Party of Democratic Renewal (PRD), Pedro CANAVARRO;
- Portuguese Communist Party (PCP), Carlos CARVALHAS; Social Democratic Center
- (CDS), Manuel MONTEIRO; National Solidarity Party (PSN), Manuel SERGIO;
- Center Democratic Party (CDS); United Democratic Coalition (CDU; Communists)
- Member of:
- AfDB, Australia Group, BIS, CCC, CE, CERN, EBRD, EC, ECE, ECLAC, EIB, FAO,
- GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS,
- ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAIA
- (observer), MTCR, NACC, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD,
- OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOMOZ, UNPROFOR, UPU, WCL, WEU, WFTU,
- WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
- Diplomatic representation in US:
- chief of mission:
- Ambassador Francisco Jose Laco Treichler KNOPFLI
- chancery:
- 2125 Kalorama Road NW, Washington, DC 20008
- telephone:
- [1] (202) 328-8610
- FAX:
- [1] (202) 462-3726
- consulate(s) general:
- Boston, New York, Newark (New Jersey), and San Francisco
- consulate(s):
- Los Angeles, New Bedford (Massachusetts), Providence (Rhode Island), and
- Washington, DC
- US diplomatic representation:
- chief of mission:
- Ambassador Elizabeth Frawley BAGLEY
- embassy:
- Avenida das Forcas Armadas, 1600 Lisbon
- mailing address:
- PSC 83, Lisbon; APO AE 09726
- telephone:
- [351] (1) 7266600, 7266659, 7268670, 7268880
- FAX:
- [351] (1) 7269109
- consulate(s):
- Ponta Delgada (Azores)
- Flag:
- two vertical bands of green (hoist side, two-fifths) and red (three-fifths)
- with the Portuguese coat of arms centered on the dividing line
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Portugal
- Economy
-
-
- Overview:
- Portugal's economy contracted 0.4% in 1993 but registered a 1.4% growth in
- 1994, with 3% growth expected in 1995 and 1996. This comeback rests on high
- levels of public investment, continuing strong export growth, and a gradual
- recovery in consumer spending. The government's long-run economic goal is
- the modernization of Portuguese markets, industry, infrastructure, and work
- force in order to catch up with productivity and income levels of the more
- advanced EU countries. Per capita income now equals only 55% of the EU
- average. Economic policy in 1994 focused on reducing inflationary pressures
- by lowering the fiscal deficit, maintaining a stable escudo, moderating wage
- increases, and encouraging increased competition. The government's
- medium-term objective is to be in the first tier of the EU countries
- eligible to join the economic and monetary union (EMU) as early as 1997. To
- this end, the 1995 budget posits a cut in total deficit to 5.8% of GDP.
- National product:
- GDP - purchasing power parity - $107.3 billion (1994 est.)
- National product real growth rate:
- 1.4% (1994 est.)
- National product per capita:
- $10,190 (1994 est.)
- Inflation rate (consumer prices):
- 6.1% (May 1994)
- Unemployment rate:
- 6.7% (May 1994)
- Budget:
- revenues:
- $31 billion
- expenditures:
- $41 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1994)
- Exports:
- $15.4 billion (f.o.b., 1993)
- commodities:
- clothing and footwear, machinery, cork and paper products, hides and skins
- partners:
- EU 75.5%, other developed countries 12.4%, US 4.3% (1994)
- Imports:
- $24.3 billion (c.i.f., 1993)
- commodities:
- machinery and transport equipment, agricultural products, chemicals,
- petroleum, textiles
- partners:
- EC 72%, other developed countries 10.9%, less developed countries 12.9%, US
- 3.4%
- External debt:
- $20 billion (1993 est.)
- Industrial production:
- growth rate 1.5% (1994 est.); accounts for 30.6% of GDP
- Electricity:
- capacity:
- 8,220,000 kW
- production:
- 29.5 billion kWh
- consumption per capita:
- 2,642 kWh (1993)
- Industries:
- textiles and footwear; wood pulp, paper, and cork; metalworking; oil
- refining; chemicals; fish canning; wine; tourism
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Portugal
- Economy
- Agriculture:
- accounts for 5% of GDP; small, inefficient farms; imports more than half of
- food needs; major crops - grain, potatoes, olives, grapes; livestock sector
- - sheep, cattle, goats, poultry, meat, dairy products
- Illicit drugs:
- increasingly important gateway country for Latin American cocaine entering
- the European market; transshipment point for hashish from North Africa to
- Europe
- Economic aid:
- recipient:
- US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $1.8 billion; Western (non-US)
- countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $1.2 billion
- Currency:
- 1 Portuguese escudo (Esc) = 100 centavos
- Exchange rates:
- Portuguese escudos (Esc) per US$1 - 158.02 (January 1995), 165.99 (1994),
- 160.80 (1993), 135.00 (1992), 144.48 (1991), 142.55 (1990)
- Fiscal year:
- calendar year
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Portugal
- Transportation
-
-
- Railroads:
- total:
- 3,068 km
- broad gauge:
- 2,761 km 1.668-m gauge (439 km electrified; 426 km double track)
- narrow gauge:
- 307 km 1.000-m gauge
- Highways:
- total:
- 70,176 km
- paved and graveled:
- 60,351 km (519 km of expressways)
- unpaved:
- earth 9,825 km
- Inland waterways:
- 820 km navigable; relatively unimportant to national economy, used by
- shallow-draft craft limited to 300 metric-ton cargo capacity
- Pipelines:
- crude oil 22 km; petroleum products 58 km
- Ports:
- Aveiro, Funchal (Madeira Islands), Horta (Azores), Leixoes, Lisbon, Porto,
- Ponta Delgada (Azores), Praia da Vitoria (Azores), Setubal, Viana do Castelo
- Merchant marine:
- total:
- 65 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 852,785 GRT/1,545,804 DWT
- ships by type:
- bulk 5, cargo 28, chemical tanker 5, container 4, liquefied gas tanker 2,
- oil tanker 17, refrigerated cargo 2, roll-on/roll-off cargo 1, short-sea
- passenger 1
- note:
- Portugal has created a captive register on Madeira for Portuguese-owned
- ships; ships on the Madeira Register (MAR) will have taxation and crewing
- benefits of a flag of convenience; in addition, Portugal owns 25 ships
- (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 155,776 DWT that operate under Panamanian and
- Maltese registry
- Airports:
- total:
- 65
- with paved runways over 3,047 m:
- 5
- with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m:
- 8
- with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:
- 3
- with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m:
- 18
- with paved runways under 914 m:
- 29
- with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m:
- 2
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Portugal
- Communications
-
-
- Telephone system:
- 2,690,000 telephones
- local:
- NA
- intercity:
- generally adequate integrated network of coaxial cables, open wire and
- microwave radio relay, domestic satellite earth stations
- international:
- 6 submarine cables; 3 INTELSAT (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean),
- EUTELSAT earth stations; tropospheric link to Azores
- Radio:
- broadcast stations:
- AM 57, FM 66 (repeaters 22), shortwave 0
- radios:
- NA
- Television:
- broadcast stations:
- 66 (repeaters 23)
- televisions:
- NA
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Portugal
- Defense Forces
-
-
- Branches:
- Army, Navy (includes Marines), Air Force, National Republican Guard, Fiscal
- Guard, Public Security Police
- Manpower availability:
- males age 15-49 2,747,357; males fit for military service 2,223,299; males
- reach military age (20) annually 90,402 (1995 est.)
- Defense expenditures:
- exchange rate conversion - $2.4 billion, 2.9% of GDP (1994)
-